Historical variations in the stable isotope composition of mercury in a sediment core from a riverine lake: Effects of dams,pulp and paper mill wastes,and mercury from a chlor-alkali plant     

《Applied Geochemistry》2016

The Wabigoon River (Ontario, Canada) was affected by dams starting in 1898 and was polluted with pulp and paper mill wastes starting in 1913 and mercury from a chlor-alkali plant from 1962 to 1975. A dated sediment core from a riverine lake was analysed to investigate resultant changes in the biogeochemistry of mercury as revealed by variations in mercury isotope ratios and sediment chemistry. A total mercury maximum formed by the mercury pollution coincided with minimums in the δ-values of the ¹⁹⁸Hg/²⁰²Hg, ¹⁹⁹Hg/²⁰²Hg, ²⁰⁰Hg/²⁰²Hg, and ²⁰¹Hg/²⁰²Hg ratios, and the δ-values decreased in the order δ²⁰¹Hg > δ²⁰⁰Hg > δ¹⁹⁹Hg > δ¹⁹⁸Hg. Thus, mass-dependent fractionation caused depletion in lighter isotopes, implying evaporation of Hg(0) and pollution of the atmosphere as well as the river-lake system. Concurrently, mass-independent fractionation caused ¹⁹⁹Hg enrichment, possibly reflecting an independently documented upsurge in methylmercury production, and ²⁰¹Hg depletion, suggesting removal of methylmercury with anomalously high ²⁰¹Hg/¹⁹⁹Hg ratios by aquatic organisms and accumulation of ²⁰¹Hg-depleted inorganic Hg(II) in sediments. The δ²⁰¹Hg/δ¹⁹⁹Hg ratio rose abruptly when mercury pollution began, reflecting the resultant increase in methylmercury production, and remained high but gradually declined as the pollution abated, paralleling trends shown by methylmercury in aquatic organisms. The δ²⁰¹Hg/δ¹⁹⁹Hg ratio of pre-1962 background mercury increased ca. 1898 and ca. 1913–1929, suggesting accelerated methylmercury production due to stimulation of microbial activities by the damming of the river and the input of pulp and paper mill wastes, respectively. Other variations were linked to economic and technological factors that affected pulp and paper manufacture.  相似文献   

湖泊(水库)沉积物分析在土壤侵蚀研究中的运用   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

薛天翼  王红亚 《地理科学进展》2018,37(7):890-900

土壤侵蚀研究对于防治自然灾害,实现土地的可持续利用具有重要的现实意义。由于一些地区长期以来水文观测资料较为匮乏,针对过去时间段内的土壤侵蚀研究通常需要寻找替代指标。湖泊(水库)作为流域内侵蚀产物的“汇”,其沉积物可不同程度地记录较长时期土壤侵蚀的具体特征,因此,基于湖泊(水库)沉积物分析的土壤侵蚀研究具有较强的应用价值和发展潜力。本文主要围绕确定土壤侵蚀年代,反演侵蚀过程,探寻沉积物来源的研究主线,详细论述了湖泊(水库)沉积物中放射性同位素、矿物磁性、粒度以及地球化学指标的应用原理和方法,分别总结了国内外学者利用湖泊(水库)沉积物在上述3个领域所取得的研究成果,在此基础上讨论了目前研究中存在的不确定性,并对未来的研究方向进行了展望。  相似文献   

Spatial variability of soils and stream sediments and the remediation effects in a Portuguese uranium mine area     

《Chemie der Erde / Geochemistry》2016,76(4):501-518

The old Senhora das Fontes uranium mine, located in central Portugal, was closed down in 1971. The treatment of ores from this mine and other mines by heap-leach ended in 1982. Seven dumps partially covered by vegetation were left in the area. Soil and stream sediment samples were collected in December 2009. The remediation was carried out from May 2010 to January 2011. Stream sediment samples were collected again in October 2013. Before the remediation, soils from inside the mine influence area have higher Al, As, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni, Sr, Th, U and Zn concentrations than soils from outside this area, due to radionuclides, metals and metalloid released from the mine dumps. The principal component analysis (PCA) shows a distinction between soils from inside and outside the mine influence area. The U(VI), As(V) and metals from soils can be adsorbed to Fe-oxyhydroxides and the humic acid can increase the U uptake. Soils must not be used for public or private green and residential areas, because they are contaminated in U, As, Co, Cd and Ni. Before the remediation, downstream sediments have higher Al, As, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, U and Zn than upstream sediments, due to erosion and percolation of water through the mine dumps. The PCA shows a distinction between downstream and upstream sediments. The U(VI), Th and As(V) can be adsorbed to Fe-oxyhydroxides. The stream sediments are contaminated in As, Mn, Th and U. Downstream sediments are the most contaminated in U and As. After the remediation, upstream and downstream sediments have generally higher Al, Fe, As, Cr, Ni, Th, U and Zn concentrations than before the remediation, attributed to the relocation of dumps. Radionuclides, metals and metalloids were transported by surface water. Consequently downstream sediments have higher Al, As, Cu, Mn, Ni, Th, U and Zn concentrations than upstream sediments. The U(VI), Th and As(V) can be adsorbed to Fe-oxyhydroxides. Stream sediments became more contaminated in U, Th and As than before the remediation, but more intensively downstream.  相似文献   

利用黏土矿物计算背景值评估沉积物重金属污染     

郝立波  田密  赵新运  王通  李宏姣  万洪祥 《世界地质》2016,35(2):586-592

综合考虑样品性质及粒度的影响,提出利用黏土矿物计算背景值的方法。实例研究表明,研究区沉积剖面不同深度样品的背景值存在一定的差异。将实测值与背景值之比视为富集因子,发现As、Cr、Cu在剖面的中下部弱富集;Pb在剖面中部弱富集;Zn与Cd在剖面的不同位置的富集程度变化较大,在中部显著富集,表层及底部中度富集。与传统方法相比,该方法综合考虑了粒度和样品性质的影响,并且可以计算出不同位置样品的背景值,使得评估结果更加准确。  相似文献   

Development of passive sampling devices for bioavailable contaminants of current and emerging concern: Waitemata Harbour case study     

M Stewart  M Cameron  M McMurtry  SG Sander  B Benedict  L Graham 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2016,50(4):526-548

Bioavailable contaminant concentrations are an important component in assessing environmental effects as they directly affect ecosystem health. Shellfish contaminant monitoring programmes have traditionally filled this requirement but are being phased out in some jurisdictions. Passive sampling devices (PSDs) have the potential to replace shellfish monitoring; however, there are still knowledge gaps to address before this can occur. This study assessed the suitability of three different PSDs in providing the required information to replace shellfish monitoring. PSDs were deployed at three historic mussel monitoring sites with different levels of urban influence in the Waitemata Harbour, Auckland, New Zealand. Contaminants of interest were urban heavy metals, plus current and emerging organic contaminants. PSDs provided extremely low detection limits and, for some contaminants, very strong correlations to shellfish. PSDs can currently complement shellfish in monitoring, but it is premature to make conclusions as to the suitability of PSDs in replacing shellfish monitoring until more information is available.  相似文献   

Ingestion rates and grazing impact of the brackwater mussel Brachidontes virgiliae in Lake St Lucia,iSimangaliso Wetland Park,South Africa     

HA Nel  R Perissinotto  NK Carrasco 《African Journal of Marine Science》2016,38(2):241-248

Bivalves feed on a combination of phytoplankton and zooplankton and have the potential to impact considerably the planktonic biomass, especially when they occur in high densities, such as in oyster and mussel beds. The brackwater mussel Brachidontes virgiliae is numerically dominant during wet phases within Africa’s largest estuarine lake, St Lucia, in the iSimangaliso Wetland Park on the east coast of South Africa. The ingestion rates and potential grazing impact of this small mussel (maximum shell length = 2.5 cm) were estimated for both the wet and dry seasons using an in situ gut fluorescence technique. Ingestion rates were higher during the wet season (5.78 µg pigment ind.^?1 d^?1) than during the dry season (4.44 µg pigment ind.^?1 d^?1). This might be explained by the increased water temperature and food availability during the wet season. Because of the patchy distribution of mussel populations, there could be higher localised grazing impact near mussel aggregations. Results showed a potential grazing impact of up to 20 times the available phytoplankton biomass at specific sites. These high grazing impacts have the potential to deplete phytoplankton stocks in the lake, especially during wet phases in the northern reaches, where mussel densities are highest. This needs to be factored into ecological models of Lake St Lucia, because the system might function differently during increased flood events.  相似文献   

长江口北槽柱状沉积物粒度分布特征及沉积环境指示意义   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文

邓智瑞  何青  邢超锋  郭磊城  王宪业 《海洋科学》2016,40(1):112-122

为了研究长江口北槽深水航道的泥沙回淤机制及来源,通过对长江口北槽深水航道中部南、北导堤两侧坝田区域所采浅钻柱状样的沉积物特征、粒度参数特征、粒度成分和沉积速率特征等的分析,探讨北槽深水航道水动力条件和泥沙沉积环境。结果显示,柱状样以黏土质粉砂为主,受径流和潮汐作用,分选性都较差,偏态均为正偏,北导堤和南导堤两侧柱状样的分选系数、偏态和峰态在同一侧相互之间的特征较一致,且三组分组成接近;南北导堤异侧之间的粒度特征差异较为明显,北导堤一侧的平均粒度比南导堤的小,北导堤坝田附近的柱状样粒级百分比在垂向上波动变化较大,南导堤则表现的较为单一;南北导堤的敏感组分主要集中在粒级100μm部分。结合资料和测年数据,综合得出,由于北导堤和南导堤的涨落潮不对称,导致了其粒度特征上的不同;北槽淤积中的流域供沙逐渐减少,泥沙来源逐渐转变为滩槽交换供沙为主;北槽受深水航道工程影响巨大,泥沙沉积过程复杂,还需深入研究。  相似文献   

Benthic studies in upper Buzzards Bay,Massachusetts: 2011/12 as compared to 1955          下载免费PDF全文

William A. Hubbard 《Marine Ecology》2016,37(3):532-542

Precise biodiversity mapping that can be compared over decades would greatly inform the discussion of climate change impacts on species richness and shifts in dominant benthic species. Buzzards Bay, Massachusetts, USA, has a long history of field studies documenting benthic community structure. This bioassessment compares 1955 benthic infaunal sampling results with 2011/2012 samples to determine whether there has been a compositional change. I also compared structural components including grain size and near‐bottom temperatures. In addition, benthic temperature rise and fall was logged at 15‐min intervals from May to October of consecutive years. There was an observed difference in the benthic compositional structure, substrate and temperature between the 1955 and 2011/2012 station conditions. The 1955 identification of Buzzards Bay as being nutrient poor and having a reported 20.5 °C benthic temperature maximum has changed. Coastal development has brought increased nutrient inputs, and the 2012 bottom temperature maximum was at least 4 °C greater. These conditions contribute to shifts in benthic species dominance, and the substrate itself has been transformed to shell reefs at the stations where the gastropod Crepidula fornicata proliferated.  相似文献   

湛江湾柱状沉积物n-alkanes和PAHs组合分子特征及其环境指示作用   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

陈志强  赵利容  刘贝贝  孙省利 《海洋学报》2016,38(8):115-123

本文对湛江湾湾内、湾口和湾外柱状沉积物n-alkanes和PAHs的空间分布、成分谱特征和排放源进行调查分析。结果表明:(1)n-alkanes和PAHs的空间分布一致,浓度水平由高到低依次为:湾内、湾口、湾外,垂直变化不明显;(2)n-alkanes和PAHs的成分谱和L/H、CPI、Ant/(Ant+Phe)、Flu/(Flu+Pyr)、BaA/(BaA+Chry)、IP/(IP+BghiP)等特征参数比值以及主成分分析结果表明C₂₅～C₃₅高碳数n-alkanes的高等植物贡献具有绝对优势,C₁₄～C₂₄中低碳数的n-alkanes和PAHs则有共同的石油、化石燃料燃烧和生物质燃烧等人为源;(3)C₁₄～C₂₄中低碳n-alkanes与PAHs的源解析结果相同,其线性相关系数在0.67以上,表明两者具有较好的相关性,但两者之间的定量关系还需进一步的研究。本研究表明n-alkanes和PAHs对人为源的指示具有一致性,两者具有良好的相关性,能够较好地反映城市的社会经济状况,在进一步的研究中可以建立两者之间的定量关系并形成新的参数,提高人为源解析结果的准确性,深入反映人类活动对海洋环境的影响。  相似文献   

基于河口潮间带底栖微藻群落水平的环境质量状态评价   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

杜国英  郑异教  许恒龙 《海洋学报(英文版)》2016,35(6):112-120

The feasibility of community-based bioassessment of environmental quality status was studied using microphytobenthos(MPB) in estuarine intertidal ecosystems.The sediment samples of MPB were collected monthly during a 1-year cycle(September 2006–August 2007) at four sampling stations in the Nakdong River Estuary,Korea.Environmental variables,such as salinity,radiation,grain size of sediment,Si(OH)_4(Si),nitrate(NO_3~–),nitrite(NO_2~–),ammonium(NH_4~+) and phosphates(PO_4~(3–)),were measured synchronously for comparison with biotic parameters.The statistical analyses were carried out for assessment the relationship between biotic and environmental parameters.The results showed that:(1) the MPB community structures were significant differences among four sampling stations;(2) spatial variation in the MPB communities were significantly correlated with environmental variables,especially the nutrient NH_4+ in combination with salinity and grain size;(3) three species(Navicula lacustris,Pleurosigma anglulatum and Fragilaria sp.1) were significantly correlated with nutrients and/or Si;and(4) the species richness and diversity were significantly correlated with the grain size.It is suggested that MPB communities may be used as a potentially robust bioindicator for assessing environmental quality status in estuarine intertidal ecosystems.  相似文献